738.All the drugs increase incidence
of myelocele and myelomeningocele except
a.
Phenobarbital
b.folate
c. phenytoin
d. carbamazepine
e. valproic acid
738.---b
Before 1980, myelocele and myelomeningocele occurred in 1 to
2 per 1,000 live births, up to 8 per 1,000 live births in specific populations
. Since then, the incidence of these malformations has been reduced sharply
(70% to 90%) simply by adding folate supplements to the diet of pregnant mothers
in the period from before conception to 6 weeks after conception.
Neural tube defects
are known to be associated with disorders of maternal methionine metabolism and
with elevated maternal levels of homocysteine.
Neural tube defects have also been related to derangements
in the paired box gene Pax3(Waardenburg syndrome I on
chromosome 2q35-q37.3)
Myelomeningocele may also be related to fragile X syndrome
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