Tuesday 27 May 2014

MCQ FOR FRCR ./ DNB -------Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)



374.True regarding thermoluminescent  dosimeters (TLD) 
a.used to measure deep and shallow dose
b. energy dependent response
c.overall sensitivity  significantly better than film
d.much less susceptible to environmental effects
e.relatively inexpensive

375.True regarding thermoluminescent  dosimeters (TLD) 
a.no use of filters
b.can be reused for once
c.most common dosimeter used for assessment of finger dose
d.can be read once
e.minimal energy dependence for response


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ANS OF PREVIOUS Q.


365.Principle recommendations in the Medical and Dental Guidance Notes is/are
a.leakage radiation from the tube should be less than 1mGy/hr ata distance of 1m from the focus
b.the total filtration of the tube and tube assembly should be less than the equivalent of 2.5mm of aluminium
c.the operator should stand at least 2 m  from the tube
d.the housing and support plate for the image intensifier should have shielding of at least 2 mm lead equivalence.
e.skin entrance dose rates should not exceed 100 mGy /min

365.abcde---- (Chapter 2,page no.35,second edition (2008),Farr’s Physics for Medical Imaging).

366.True regarding classified persons ---- 
a. are at no risk  from ionization radiations
b.age 18 yrs or below
c.subject to dose monitoring
d.subjects to biennual health checks
e.health check-up records to be kept for 50 yrs beyond the dates the individual stop working as a classified person

366.ce----Staffs designed as classified persons  are at risk  from ionization radiations,are of age of 18 yrs or above and are certified as being medically fit to work as a classified person (by doctor appointed by HSE),are subject to dose monitoring  and subjects to annual health check-up---- (Chapter 2,page no.34,second edition (2008),Farr’s Physics for Medical Imaging).

Sunday 25 May 2014

MCQ FOR FRCR

MCQ FOR FRCR 


365.Principle recommendations in the British Medical and Dental Guidance Notes is/are 
a.leakage radiation from the tube should be less than 1mGy/hr at a distance of 1m from the focus
b.the total filtration of the tube and tube assembly should be less than the equivalent of 2.5mm of aluminium
c.the operator should stand at least 2 m  from the tube
d.the housing and support plate for the image intensifier should have shielding of at least 2 mm lead equivalence.
e.skin entrance dose rates should not exceed 100 mGy /min

366.True regarding classified persons .
a. are at no risk  from ionization radiations
b.age 18 yrs or below
c.subject to dose monitoring
d.subjects to biennual health checks

e.health check-up records to be kept for 50 yrs beyond the dates the individual stop working as a classified person

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Tuesday 20 May 2014

SWAYER- JAMES /MACLEOD SYNDROME

SWAYER- JAMES /MACLEOD SYNDROME 

Components are
1.unilateral hyperlucent lung
2.decreased lung volume despite air trapping
3.small ipsilateral hilum
4.tubular or varicose bronchiectasis













Sunday 18 May 2014

MY MEDICAL EDUCATION AGENDA FOR NEW GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MY MEDICAL EDUCATION AGENDA FOR NEW GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

1.No age barrier for exams for DM exam in any institution
2.selection of faculty on basis of exam at every level (assistant ,associate,professor etc) and teaching skill ,not on basis of experience (like SR ship from teaching institution at entry point --assistant professor)
3.No faculty on contracts basis,(ever heard of IAS ,IPS etc on contract basis)
4.No age barrier for faculty recruitment
5.conduct of exam before registration in medical council for every medical graduate and post graduate medical degree (in light of falling standard of medical education)

Monday 5 May 2014

Neural bases of individual variation in decision time

Neural bases of individual variation in decision time

Authors

Abstract

People make decisions by evaluating existing evidence against a threshold or level of confidence. 
Individuals vary widely in response times even when they perform a simple task in the laboratory. 
We examine the neural bases of this individual variation by combining computational modeling and brain imaging of 64 healthy adults performing a stop signal task.
Behavioral performance was modeled by an accumulator model that describes the process of information growth to reach a threshold to respond. In this model, go trial reaction time (goRT) is jointly determined by the information growth rate, threshold, and movement time (MT).
 In a linear regression of activations in successful go and all stop (Go+Stop) trials against goRT across participants, the insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), pre‐SMA, thalamus including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and caudate head respond to increasing goRT. Among these areas, the insula, SMA, and thalamus including the STN respond to a slower growth rate, the caudate head responds to an elevated threshold, and the pre‐SMA responds to a longer MT.
In the regression of Go+Stop trials against the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), the pre‐SMA shows a negative correlation with SSRT. These results characterize the component processes of decision making and elucidate the neural bases of a critical aspect of inter‐subject variation in human behavior. 
These findings also suggest that the pre‐SMA may play a broader role in response selection and cognitive control rather than simply response inhibition in the stop signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2531–2542, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sunday 4 May 2014

MCQ FOR PG/FRCR -----HALO SIGN ON CT

177.All are radiological sign that aid in diagnosis of thymus 
a.sail sign 
b.wave sign 
c.notch sign 
e.interrupted bronchus sign

205.CT halo sign on chest is noted in 
a.wegner 's granulomatosis
b.invasive pulmonary aspergilossis
c.round pneumonia
d.bronchiectasis


ABOVE Q.TAKEN FROM MY BOOK ( CHAPTER, RESPIRATORY  SYSTEM) 

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Thursday 1 May 2014

RADIOLOGY MCQ FOR PG /FRCR

Q. Bone within bone appearance is seen in ALL except
a.sickle cell anemia
b.osteopetrosis
c.gaucher'disease
d.neurofibromatosis





ANS--D --NEUROFIBROMATOSIS






OTHER CAUSES----



NORMAL NEONATE
GROWTH RECOVERY
PAGET S DISEASE
ACROMEGALY
 HEAVY METAL POISONING
PROSTAGLANDIN THERAPY



Q2 Superior rib notching is seen in 
a.coarctation of aorta
b.aortic thrombosis
c.subclavian obstruction
d.rheumatoid arthritis

ANS ---D--Rheumatoid arthritis

OTHER CAUSES---------

SLE
SLERODERMA
SJOGREN SYNDROME
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (ALSO INFERIOR RIB NOTCHING)
 RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
POLIMYELITIS
MARFEAN SYNDROME
OSTEOGENESISI IMPERFECTA
PROGERIA