RADIOLOGY MCQ --AIPGMEE AND FRCR---HRCT

200.All conditions are characterized by profuse 

centrilobular  nodules in HRCT except

a. Subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

b. Respiratory bronchiolitis–interstitial lung

 disease

c. Diffuse panbronchiolitis

d. Endobronchial spread of tuberculosis or 

bacterial pneumonia

e. sarcoidosis

RADIOLOGY MCQ --AIPGMEE AND FRCR---SPN AND ILD

197.All are true regarding solitary pulmonary nodule except

a.dubling time of most peripheral pulmonary carcinomas is is more than 18 months 
b. A lack of enhancement (< 15 HU) is indicative of benignity
c. ill-defined margins with umlication may be noted in carcinoma 
d. PET or PET–CT has sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 90% or greater in the diagnosis of benign nodules
e. False-negative results PET may occur in bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma.

198.All are true regarding interstitial lung disease except

a.HRCT provides insight into disease reversibility and prognosis.

b. A reticular pattern on CT almost always represents significant 

ILD

c. Smooth Interlobular septal thickening is seen in pulmonary 

oedema 

 d. irregular interlobular septal thickening is seen in alveolar

 proteinosis

e. Intralobular septal thickening seen in all ILDs 

MRI SIGNAL OF DIFFERENT TISSUES

MRI SIGNAL OF DIFFERENT TISSUES

SIGNAL                    T-1 WEIGHTING                                   T-2 WEIGHTING 

BRIGHT                 FAT                                                               CSF-WATER
                               YELLOW BONE MARROW                        CYSTS
                               SUBACUTE HAEMORRHAGE                    EDEMA
                               WHITE MATTER OF BRAIN                        NORMAL NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
                                                                                                          TUMOUR


MEDIUM                FUILD                                                 DEHYDRATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
                                 IVD                                                        FAT
                                 RED BONE MARROW                          GRAY MATTER OF BRAIN
                                 SPINAL CORD                                    MUSCLE
                                  TUMOUR                                            SPLEEN
LOW                      AIR                                                             AIR
                              CALCIFICATION                                      CALCIFICATION
                              CSF                                                              
                             CORTICAL BONE                                       CORTICAL BONE
                              FAST MOVING BLOOD                        FAST MOVING BLOOD
                              FIBROUS TISSUE                                 FIBROUS TISSUE
                               LIGAMENTS ,TENDON                       LIGAMENTS ,TENDONS

SNOWCAP SIGN

 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease 

PLAIN X RAY FINDING are 
1.snowcap sign---osteosclerosis
2.Crescent sign --subchondral collapse
3.wide ,short femoral neck with enlarged femoral head (coxa magna)
4..wide ,short femoral neck with flattened femoral head (coxa plana)
4.mushroom deformity

RADIOLOGY MCQ --AIPGMEE AND FRCR--intrathoracic lymph nodes

182.All are true regarding intrathoracic lymph nodes metastases except

a.skip metastases to mediastinal nodes in the absence of hilar nodes

 is seen in 53% of cases

b.mediastinal  nodes with a short axis diameter more than than 10 

mm should usually be considered enlarged.

c.Fused PET–CT imaging  is more accurate than PET or CT alone 

in staging patients with non-small cell lung cancer .

d. Mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy remain the most widely 

employed techniques for mediastinal lymph node sampling

e. the MRI signal within nodes is not a useful predictor of 

involvement of nodes

HAPPY DIPAWALI

MCQ FOR PG EXAM AND FRCR ------AJCC–UICC classification of regional lymph nodes

9) All are true regarding  AJCC–UICC classification of regional lymph nodes  except

a. Station 1 through 9 nodes lie within the mediastinal pleural envelope, whereas station 10 through 14 nodes lie outside the mediastinal pleura within the visceral pleura.

b. Subaortic (aortopulmonary window) nodes lie lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum

c. Highest mediastinal nodes lie above a horizontal line at the upper rim of the bracheocephalic (left innominate) vein

d. Hilar nodes lie distal to the mediastinal pleura reflection and the nodes adjacent to the bronchus intermedius on the right

e. right and left lower paratracheal lymph node  is referred as  (stations 2R and 2L)

MCQ FOR FRCR AND PG EXAM ---------BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

MCQ  FOR FRCR AND PG EXAM ---------BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

170.All are true regarding bronchial carcinoma except

a. Pancoast's tumours may resemble apical pleural thickening

b. Absolutely spherical, sharply defined, smooth-edged nodules due to carcinoma of the lung are rare

c. A peripheral line shadow or ‘tail’ may  occurs in both benign and malignant lesions

d. Adenocarcinoma is the most likely cell type to show cavitation

e. Calcification within bronchogenic carcinomas is  identified on CT in 6–10% of cases

171.All are true regarding bronchogenic tumour except

a.cavity with irregular wall and usually =/>8mm thick

b. Air bronchograms and  pseudocavitation may be particularly seen in squamous cell carcinoma

c. may be associated with bronchocele

d. nodule with Ground-glass attenuation is associated with a greater risk of malignancy

e. bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma may present as a purely ground-glass opacity.

172. Features suggesting  that pneumonia may be secondary to an obstructing neoplasm are  all except

a. the Golden S sign

b.  unchanged persistence for longer than 2–3 weeks and recurrence  in the same lobe

c. irregular stenosis in a mainstem or lobar bronchus

d. rarely associated with  hilar adenopathy

e. Mucus-filled dilated bronchi visible within collapsed lobes

HOW TO GET HIGH RANK IN POSTGRADUATE ENTRANCE(MD/MS) EXAM?

HOW TO GET HIGH RANK IN POSTGRADUATE ENTRANCE EXAM?

Do you really want to get high rank in postgraduate exam ?

Is your answer affirmative ?

You will like to say ---who does not want high rank in postgraduate exam?

It means ---everyone want to secure high rank .

Then what is in the way?

NONE OTHER THAN YOU.

YES----

Seems paradoxical? But have you ever thought of seriously on this issue?
 Please answer a few questions?

1.What is the exact rank you want to secure ?  first ,second ,50th.100th,200th,400th,700th,1000th----


Judge yourself on this ---i am nowhere to suggest you.

Can anyone exactly pin point ?

If not,---secure a rank for yourself in mind ----it will take nothing from you but will certainly open the gate of success.This is the first step without which no onward journey is possible.

2.In which paper you want to do PG? Radiodiagnosis,paediatrics,ortho-----

3.Which college  and which place?

Pl WRITE AND  RECITE  answers to the above questions ,everyday till the exam .Magic will happen .

I am sure you will get your subject and college of your choice.

MORE in the next blog

FRCR -----Ground-glass pattern on HRCT

Ground-glass pattern on HRCT

• A ground-glass pattern on HRCT is defined as a generalized increase in opacity that does not obscure pulmonary vessels. 

• At a microscopic level, the changes responsible for ground-glass opacity are complex and include partial filling of the airspaces, considerable thickening of the interstitium, or a combination of the two. Ultimately, the pattern of ground-glass opacity on HRCT results from displacement of air from the lungs. 
• Many conditions result in the non-specific pattern of ground-glass opacity but the most common causes include:

1. subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 
2.acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
3. acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), 
4.non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and 
5.diffuse pneumonias, particularly Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 

• The definite identification of dilated airways within areas of ground glass is usually an indication of fine fibrosis and thus usually indicates irreversible disease. 
• In organizing pneumonia,dilated airways that are present within areas of ground glass in the acute setting may completely resolve following successful treatment.

CONGRATS KAILASH SATYARTHI FOR NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2014

CONGRATS KAILASH SATYARTHI FOR NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2014

He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with Malala Yousafzai, "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".

Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian children's rights activist and aNobel Peace Prize Laureate.He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan — or Save the Childhood Movement — in 1980 and has acted to protect the rights of 80,000 children.

PATIENT X-RAY DOSE RECORDING RECOMMENDED BY IAEA

PATIENT X-RAY DOSE RECORDING RECOMMENDED BY IAEA 

• The proposal urges radiology organizations and public health service agencies in most IAEA participating countries to require human x-ray facilities to record the dose of every procedure and to provide a record to each patient on a magnetic “Smart Card.” Patients would be required to keep the dose cards and present them to any x-ray facility for added examinations. 

•  Organisations like the European Society of Radiology, the US Food and Drug Administration, the International Organization for Medical Physics, the International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic technologists, the World Health Organization and the US Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors provided endorsement of the IAEA project. 

KNUTTSON 'S SIGN

KNUTTSON 'S SIGN 

• Knuttson's sign (vaccum phenomenon ) is characteristic of degenerative disc disease. It refers to radiolucent defect indicationg the presence of nitrogen gas accumulations in annular and nuclear degenerative fissures of intervertebral disc.

• Othere features of degenerative joint spaces are 

1.reduced joint space
2.osteophytes 
3.Schmorl's node 
4.subchondral sclerosis
5.subchondral cyst 

NOBEL GPS OF BRAIN

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014

Photo: David Bishop, UCL

John O'Keefe

Prize share: 1/2

Photo: G. Mogen/NTNU

May-Britt Moser

Prize share: 1/4

Photo: G. Mogen/NTNU

Edvard I. Moser

Prize share: 1/4

The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or 

Medicine has been  awarded to Dr. John M. O’Keefe, 

Dr. May-Britt Moser and Dr. Edvard I. 

Moser for their discoveries of nerve cells in 

the brain that enable a sense of place and 

navigation. These discoveries are ground

breaking and provide insights into how 

mental functions are represented in the 

brain and how the brain can compute

complex cognitive functions and behaviour. 

An internal map of the environment and a

sense of place are needed for recognizing 

and remembering our environment and for 

navigation. This navigational ability, which 

requires integration of multi-modal sensory 

information, movement execution and 

memory capacities, is one of the most 

complex of brain functions. 

The work of the 

2014 Laureates has radically altered our 

understanding of these functions.

 John O’Keefe discovered place cells in the 

hippocampus that signal position and

provide the brain with spatial memory 

capacity.

 May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. 

Moser discovered in the medial entorhinal 

cortex, a region of the brain next to 

hippocampus, grid cells that provide the 

brain with an internal coordinate system

essential for navigation. 

Together, the 

hippocampal place cells and the entorhinal 

grid cells form interconnected nerve cell 

networks that are critical for the 

computation of spatial maps and 

navigational tasks. 

The work by John 

O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser 

has dramatically changed our 

understanding of how fundamental 

cognitive functions are performed by neural 

circuits in the brain and shed new light onto 

how spatial memory might be created.

SOURCE :http://www.nobelprize.org/