Urinary tract obstruction
1.DILATAION OF RENAL PELVIS -The best criterion is measurement of the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis on a transverse scan of the fetal abdomen..
Upper limit for measurement is 4mm (during 2nd trimester ) and 7mm (during third trimester)
Mild Dilatation: 7mm
Moderate Dilataion:7to 15mm
Marked Dilatation :>15mm
2.PYELECTASIS --Visible renal pelvis below the significant theshold.
3.THE VISIBILITY OF FETAL URETER
4.AN ENLARGED BLADDER
5.URINOMA due to rupture of renal calyx or even bladder
6.EXTRAVASATION OR RECANALISATION OF THE URACHUS
Causes of urinary tract dilatation
1.Ureteropelvic obstruction(UPJ obstruction -----THE MOST COMMON CAUSE
2.Nonobstructive dilatation
3.UVJ obstruction
4.Duplication
5.Megacalcycosis
6.Infundibular stenosis
7.Bladder outlet obstruction
8.Megacystitis-megaureter association
9.Megacycstitis microcolon-hypoperistalsis syndrome
Causes of large Bladder
1.Urethral atresia(prune-belly syndrome)
2,Megalourethra
3.Posterior urethral valve
4.Anterior urethral valve
5.Prolapse of ureterocel
6.Megacystitis megaureter(vesicoureteric reflux)
7.Megacycstitis microcolon-hypoperistalsis syndrome
8.Normal variant in female fetuses
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