Currarino triad

Q.All are true regarding spinal abnormality except

a. The bony spur in type I diastematomyelia is completely extradural

b. neurenteric cysts are usually seen intradurally anterior to the spinal cord

c the Currarino triad consists of   partial sacral agenesis ,anorectal malformation and a presacral mass

d.  a high (often at T12) abrupt spinal cord termination in type II caudal agenesis

e. the true notochord is not affected in type II caudal agenesis

ANS .---d

In type I caudal agenesis, which affects secondary neurulation and formation of the caudal cell mass, but also primary neurulation of the distal true notochord, there is a high (often at T12) abrupt spinal cord termination with a characteristic wedge-shaped configuration and variable coccygeal to lower thoracic vertebral aplasia . In type II caudal agenesis the true notochord is not affected and only the caudal cell mass is involved.

TEETH IN BRAIN

Q.All are true regarding  malformations except

a. The posterior fossa is of normal size in cerebellar hypoplasia

b. Torcular–lambdoid inversion on MRI is seen in Dandy –Walker 

syndrome

c.  ‘batwing appearance’ of the fourth ventricle  is seen in Joubert's 

syndrome

d.The Molar   tooth appearance is noted  in  rhombencephalosynapsis 

e. a nonenhancing mass with diffusely enlarged cerebellar folia is 

feature of  L'Hermitte-Duclos

ANS .---d

Joubert's syndrome  is  considered  as generalized developmental disorder of the midbrain and hindbrain. The imaging findings reflect a failure of formation of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles, lack of the pyramidal decussations and other anomalies of the midbrain crossing tracts and their nuclei. On cross-sectional imaging the fourth ventricle is enlarged with a ‘batwing appearance’ and there is a cleft in the vermis. The midbrain is small. The ‘molar tooth’ appearance seen on axial images arises from the lack of the superior cerebellar decussation and the superior peduncles also appear enlarged.









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? Adamkiewicz

Q.All are true regarding spinal cord supply  except
a. supplied by  the midline anterior spinal artery and two posterolateral spinal arteries
b. artery  of Adamkiewicz is found in the thoracolumbar region
c. artery  of Adamkiewicz is usually on the left side, between T8 and L1–2
d. The anterior spinal artery  supplies the major portion of the cord substance
e. posterolateral spinal arteries supply  the motor cells of the anterior horns

ANS.---e

The anterior spinal artery is  the most important of supply because it supplies the major portion of the cord substance, including the motor cells of the anterior horns. It gives off tiny sulcocommissural arteries that run into the cord; they are not visible at angiography unless pathologically enlarged.