Radiology mcq -- neuro module

Q1.  A 50 yr old patient with AIDs presents with an insidious onset of dementia . Visual loss, weakness, ataxia, and speech disturbances are also noted  .The patients died within six months . Brain biopsy shows confluent areas of demyelination,distributed throughout the cerebral white matter .Microscopically, there are multiple foci of demyelination. There are atypical oligodendrocytes containing large, swollen nuclei with basophilic / eosinophilic inclusion bodies and  reactive astrocytes .What is the most likely diagnosis

a.PML        

b.lymphoma

c.toxoplasmosis

d.HIV-1 encephalopathy

e.CMV

Q2.All features are suggestive of PML except

a. more frequent involvement of parietal white matter

b.usually absent enhancement  on MR

c. posterior fossa involment

d. absent  optic nerve involvement

e. spinal cord involvement common

ANS--

Q1---a

Q2---e

                       

Spinal cord involvement is extremely rare in PML. Mass effect is more common with lymphoma and toxoplasmosis but can occasionally be present in PML. Encephalitides, including  cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, or HIV-1 encephalopathy may mimic PML in case of AIDS patients.

"IGNITED MIND" --NO MORE

"IGNITED MIND" --NO MORE 
"WINGS OF FIRE" --
NOW ON VOYAGE OF UNIVERSE -----
MISSILE WILL HIT WHICH HIM?
NONE-----
BUT HIS PASSION,HIS GUIDANCE --
WILL HIT EVERYONE
YES --EVERYONE.

NO TIME IS THE BEST TIME

NO TIME IS THE BEST TIME

You have three time dimension---past ,present and future .Which one is the best time to live-in?
Live-in the time which gives you pleasure ----be past or present or future .Only thing to remember is to remain in the time dimension which gives you pleasure,---which makes you happy----which gives you energy---which empowers you.
If present is troubling--switch to future (imagine of beautiful ,energizing future ) or past (recall pleasurable moments) to achieve state of happiness.
If thinking of past is imparting a sense of uneasiness---move to present or future to achieve a state of joy.
If thinking of future appears gloomy , come to present or roam about in the past to bring yourself in the state of pleasure.
So,no time is the best time ----rather best time is one which empowers you---which makes you happy