Free intra-abdominal gas--IDEAL VIEW IN PLAIN X-RAY

Q.All are true regarding plain radiograph of abdomen except

a)frequently first investigation in acute abdomen

b)supine abdomen and an erect chest are regarded as the basic standard radiographs in the acute abdomen

c) patient should ideally remain in a given position for 10 minutes before the horizontal-ray radiograph to detect free gas

d) erect abdominal view is ideal  for the demonstration of free intra-abdominal gas

e) supine radiograph should ideally be taken with an empty bladder

ANS .---d

The erect chest radiograph is superior to the erect abdominal view for the demonstration of free intra-abdominal gas since, in the erect abdominal view, the X-ray beam is passing through any free gas under the diaphragm at an oblique angle. The exposure is also unfavourable for detecting small amounts of gas since this part of the film is usually overexposed. On the erect chest radiograph, the beam is passing almost tangentially to the free gas, with a better exposure . The erect chest is there fore invaluable in diagnosing visceral perforation. A chest radiograph is also useful because chest diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, aortic dissection or myocardial infarction can present with abdominal symptoms.

DIFFUSION IMAGING

3.All are true regarding MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIFFUSION IMAGING except

a. exploits the presence of random motion (Brownian motion) of water molecules to produce image contrast

b. a pair of diffusion sensitizing gradients applied symmetrically around a 180 refocusing RF pulse of a T2-weighted MR sequence.

c. loss of signal is proportional to the degree of microscopic motion that occurs during the pulse sequence

d. regions of relatively stationary water molecules appear much brighter than areas with a higher molecular diffusion

e.  signal loss is independent of  the strength and duration of the diffusion sensitizing gradient ( the ‘b-value’.)

3.—e

On diffusion-weighted images, regions of relatively stationary water molecules appear much brighter than areas with a higher molecular diffusion. The degree of phase shift and signal loss depends also on the strength and duration of the diffusion sensitizing gradient, which is expressed by the ‘b-value’. B-values used for imaging of acute stroke lie typically around 1000s mm

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This MCQ book on neuro-radiology contains 16 TEST PAPERS.Each Test Paper consists of approx.60 MCQs ,so this book contains approx.995 MCQs.Each test paper is designed to cover all the different topics of neuro-radiology.Each test paper is followed by answer with detailed explanations .Most of MCQs answer and explanation can be seen in MRI of The Brain And Spine ,3rd edition,--S.Atlas and Diagnostic neuroradiology ,Annie Osborn
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