AUTOMATIC BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTOR ---PROJECT AT IIT DELHI

http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~cs5090255/autocom/index.html

AUTOMATIC BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTOR ---PROJECT AT IIT DELHI

The project aims at developing a tool to be used by the radiologists for detection of Brain Tumors in MRI images automatically.

Every year thousands of people die around the globe as a result of different brain tumors. Some due to human incapability because of large variations in size, location and form of the Brain Tumors, while some due to human errors because of increasing number of Neuro-patients leading to a huge manual workload on small Radiology group.

This inspired us to develop a tool which can assist radiologist by automatically detecting Brain Tumors in MRI images and thus help in Saving Time, Saving Money and Saving Radiologist for more complex and expertise requiring cases

Current Situation

Idea

To come up with next generation MRI viewers which can assist the radiologists by automatically detecting Tumor, if present and generate report based on the tumor found.

Input : Like a normal Dicom Viewer, it loads ‘n’ patient cases with 20 slices(MRI images) each of T2, T1,T1 post contrast,etc sequences.

Output : Divide the loaded ‘n’ number of cases into three categories and generate report for each patient case automatically.

The three categories are

Prototype

We have been working on this Idea from summer’11 as part of SURA (Summer Undergraduate Reasearch Award) and have developed a Prototype for testing the above made algorithm. Testing dataset so far, consist of 120 patients (each patient data consists of 20 images each of 3 sequences T1, T2 and T1 post contrast) and is gradually expanded. Out of 120, 65 were Normal and 55 abnormal (30 Tumor containing).

The AutoCom prototype showed excellent results differentiating normal-abnormal as well as identifying Tumor and generating report, when found.

cyst of the cavum Vergae

Q.All are true regarding pellucidum septum except

a. The double septum or fifth ventricle is due to the abnormal persistence of the fetal cavum septi pellucidi

b. cavum septi pellucidi  persists in 1-2% of adults

c. cyst of the cavum Vergae represents the so-called `sixth ventricle'

d.  cyst of the cavum Vergae  is backward expetion of  the septal cyst

e.  cyst of the cavum Vergae lies beneath the posterior part of corpus callosum with the velum interpositum above

ANS.----d

cyst of the cavum Vergae  lies beneath the posterior part of corpus callosum with the velum interpositum below

?ONYX

Q.All are true regarding ONYX except

a. non-adhesive liquid embolic agent

b cosists of  ethyl-vinyl alcohol polymer (EVOH)

c. dimethyl sulfoxide  (DMSO) used as solvent

d. tantalum used to make it radiopaque

e. it solidifies mor than rapidly NBCA

ANS .---e

Onyx is a new non-adhesive liquid embolic agent which consists of  a mixture of ethyl-vinyl alcohol polymer (EVOH), dimethyl sul-occlufoxide (DMSO) as a solvent and tantalum to render it radiopaque. In contrast to NBCA, it solidifies slowly, minimises the danger of insitu gluing of a microcatheter. Onyx has been used for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMS) and giant cerebral aneurysms in which other forms of endovascular or surgical treatment are difficult

BIG BRAIN ---DOESNOT GENERATE BIG THOUGHT

Q. Imaging indicators of intraventricular obstructive (noncommunicating) hydrocephalus are all except
a. dilatation of the temporal horns disproportionate to lateral ventricular dilatation
b.enlargement of the anterior and posterior recesses of the third ventricle
c.dilatation of the sulcal spaces, major fissures and basal cisterns

d.inferior convexity of the floor of the third ventricle
e.transependymal oedema and bulging of fontanelles

ANS.---c

The sulcal spaces, major fissures and basal cisterns are small or obliterated in  intraventricular obstructive (noncommunicating) hydrocephalus.

Other features, such as changes in the configuration of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, specifically widening of the radius of the frontal horn, and a decrease in the angle it makes with the midline plane, are less useful. Further features classically described in chronic hydrocephalus, such as erosion of the dorsum sellae and copper beaten skull, are even less reliable.

Currarino triad

Q.All are true regarding spinal abnormality except

a. The bony spur in type I diastematomyelia is completely extradural

b. neurenteric cysts are usually seen intradurally anterior to the spinal cord

c the Currarino triad consists of   partial sacral agenesis ,anorectal malformation and a presacral mass

d.  a high (often at T12) abrupt spinal cord termination in type II caudal agenesis

e. the true notochord is not affected in type II caudal agenesis

ANS .---d

In type I caudal agenesis, which affects secondary neurulation and formation of the caudal cell mass, but also primary neurulation of the distal true notochord, there is a high (often at T12) abrupt spinal cord termination with a characteristic wedge-shaped configuration and variable coccygeal to lower thoracic vertebral aplasia . In type II caudal agenesis the true notochord is not affected and only the caudal cell mass is involved.

TEETH IN BRAIN

Q.All are true regarding  malformations except

a. The posterior fossa is of normal size in cerebellar hypoplasia

b. Torcular–lambdoid inversion on MRI is seen in Dandy –Walker 

syndrome

c.  ‘batwing appearance’ of the fourth ventricle  is seen in Joubert's 

syndrome

d.The Molar   tooth appearance is noted  in  rhombencephalosynapsis 

e. a nonenhancing mass with diffusely enlarged cerebellar folia is 

feature of  L'Hermitte-Duclos

ANS .---d

Joubert's syndrome  is  considered  as generalized developmental disorder of the midbrain and hindbrain. The imaging findings reflect a failure of formation of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles, lack of the pyramidal decussations and other anomalies of the midbrain crossing tracts and their nuclei. On cross-sectional imaging the fourth ventricle is enlarged with a ‘batwing appearance’ and there is a cleft in the vermis. The midbrain is small. The ‘molar tooth’ appearance seen on axial images arises from the lack of the superior cerebellar decussation and the superior peduncles also appear enlarged.









www.eurorad.org

? Adamkiewicz

Q.All are true regarding spinal cord supply  except
a. supplied by  the midline anterior spinal artery and two posterolateral spinal arteries
b. artery  of Adamkiewicz is found in the thoracolumbar region
c. artery  of Adamkiewicz is usually on the left side, between T8 and L1–2
d. The anterior spinal artery  supplies the major portion of the cord substance
e. posterolateral spinal arteries supply  the motor cells of the anterior horns

ANS.---e

The anterior spinal artery is  the most important of supply because it supplies the major portion of the cord substance, including the motor cells of the anterior horns. It gives off tiny sulcocommissural arteries that run into the cord; they are not visible at angiography unless pathologically enlarged.

?DSA ---VENOUS INFARCT

Q.All are true regarding imaging of venous infarcts except
a. a venous sinus  appear expanded and hyperdense on NECT
b. more intense enhancement of the walls of the sinuses than of its contents on CECT
c. spin-echo images is usually acquired to diagnose
d. CT venography is a satisfactory alternative in case of  equivocal MRV
e. very little need to resort to DSA to confirm the diagnosis of venous thrombosis
ANS .----c

MRI shows lack of flow void in the affected sinuses but normal slow flowing blood may appear bright, simulating a thrombus and acute thrombus can appear hypointense on spin-echo images mimicking a flow void . Therefore structural MRI is not always reliable for the exclusion of venous occlusion, particularly if chronic, and a phase-contrast MR venogram (MRV) is usually acquired, which depicts only flow and not thrombus. A low-velocity encoding (VENC) is chosen to demonstrate venous flow. CT venography is a satisfactory alternative if MRV is unavailable or equivocal. Using a combination of structural images, MR and CT venography, there is very little need to resort to DSA to confirm the diagnosis of venous thrombosis.