High attenuation nodule--MCQ

40.A cardiac patient on amiodarone and amlodipine  therapy is subjected to CT scan  of chest which shows high attenuation nodules ,the most likely cause is

a.amiodarone toxicity

b.microlithiasis

c.metastatic calcification

d.tuberculosis

e.amlodipine

WORLD TB DAY 2015 ,DRAFT POST-2015 GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS STRATEGY FRAMEWORK

THEME OF WORLD TB DAY 2015--------Reach, Treat, Cure Everyone

SLOGAN IN INDIA----TB Harega, DeshJeetega

Each year, World TB Day is observed on March 24. 

This annual event commemorates the date in 1882 when Robert Koch announced his discovery ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). 

The World Health Assembly, convened annually by WHO at the UN Palais des Nations in Geneva, passed a resolution in May 2014 approving with full support the new post-2015 Global TB Strategy with its ambitious targets. --------------

The strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to reduce TB deaths by 95% and to cut new cases by 90% between 2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened with catastrophic expenses due to TB. It sets interim milestones for 2020, 2025, and 2030.

. DRAFT POST-2015 GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS STRATEGY FRAMEWORK 

VISION -----A world free of tuberculosis – zero deaths, disease and suffering due to tuberculosis 

GOAL----- End the global tuberculosis epidemic

 MILESTONES FOR 2025 

– 75% reduction in tuberculosis deaths (compared with 2015); 

– 50% reduction in tuberculosis incidence rate (less than 55 tuberculosis cases per 100 000 population) 

– No affected families facing catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis 

TARGETS FOR 2035 

– 95% reduction in tuberculosis deaths (compared with 2015) 

– 90% reduction in tuberculosis incidence rate (less than 10 tuberculosis cases per 100 000 population)

 – No affected families facing catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis 

PRINCIPLES

 1. Government stewardship and accountability, with monitoring and evaluation

 2. Strong coalition with civil society organizations and communities

 3. Protection and promotion of human rights, ethics and equity 

4. Adaptation of the strategy and targets at country level, with global collaboration

 PILLARS AND COMPONENTS 

1. INTEGRATED, PATIENT-CENTRED CARE AND PREVENTION

A. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis including universal drug-susceptibility testing; and systematic screening of contacts and high-risk groups 

B. Treatment of all people with tuberculosis including drug-resistant tuberculosis; and patient support

C. Collaborative tuberculosis/HIV activities, and management of co-morbidities

 D. Preventive treatment of persons at high risk; and vaccination against tuberculosis

 2. BOLD POLICIES AND SUPPORTIVE SYSTEMS

 A. Political commitment with adequate resources for tuberculosis care and prevention 

B. Engagement of communities, civil society organizations, and public and private care providers 

C. Universal health coverage policy, and regulatory frameworks for case notification, vital registration, quality and rational use of medicines, and infection control

 D. Social protection, poverty alleviation and actions on other determinants of tuberculosis 

3. INTENSIFIED RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 

PC -PNDT ACT ,INDIA

Ultrasound registration of a centre was rejected due to

1.inadequate space as per standard of PC-PNDT Rules .The authority had not mentioned about the required space ,Term adequate is open to interepretation by authority as his/her convenience .
2.absence of radiologist at the centre at the time of inspection (the rule does not mention regarding this )
3.Lack of adequate staff (--it means the authority wants persons to be hired for routine works even before its registration---rediculous)

All the above causes are clearly meant for future bargaining and extracting money because none of above are as per Rule of PC-PNDT ACT.
This is a A good example of nexus of concerned official and good means of earning illegal money
The PC-PNDT rule should specifically mention the adequate space to remove this discretionary power and close the window of corruption
PC -PNDT RULE MUST BE AMMENDED .

mcq --asbestosis

22. A patient experienced  asbestos exposure for more than 10 yrs and is now revealing restrictive pattern on PFT.The patient is advised HRCT to detect the feature of asbestosis.All are common features of asbestosis except

a.bilateral and often symmetrical changes

b.earliest change basal and posterior

c.subpleural lines and dots

d.ground glass opacity

 e.parietal pleura thickening

ANS----d